Publications

Beyond Buffer-State Logic: 

Node-Based Agency in the Caspian–Middle East Conflict Network

This conference paper, presented at the 1st RCASBC International Conference 2026, hosted by the Hong Kong Research Center for Asian Studies–Bangladesh Center (RCASBC) and the Department of International Relations, University of Chittagong, develops node-based agency as a framework for explaining how middle and small states can convert control over strategic connections into bounded influence under networked conflict. Moving beyond traditional buffer-state logic, it distinguishes structural centrality from actual control, implementation, counterpart effects, bargaining returns, and resilience. Through comparative analysis of Caspian logistics, Gulf basing and airspace access, and Ukraine’s transfer of counter-drone expertise, the paper shows that strategic importance alone does not constitute agency; meaningful leverage requires verified control over a consequential interface and observable effects on another actor’s options or behavior. 

Multiverse Path Encryption for Securing Interpretation under Adversarial Access

This conference paper, published in the Proceedings of IMNS 2026 by IEEE, introduces Multiverse Path Encryption (MPE), an interpretation-control framework for post-compromise environments in which adversaries may observe ciphertext-derived outputs or queryable system states. Rather than mapping a ciphertext to a single plaintext, MPE uses key-conditioned traversal over a shared semantic graph to generate multiple coherent, query-consistent worlds. The paper formalizes world non-identifiability and decision uncertainty, explains how global coherence preserves structured ambiguity, and evaluates MPE against heuristic and adaptive querying attackers. Experimental results show sustained target-selection error, high path-reconstruction error, and substantial decision-ranking distortion, demonstrating that adversarial access does not necessarily produce reliable interpretation.