Publications

The Strait of Hormuz and the Partial De-Universalization of the Petrodollar:

Chokepoint Power and Settlement Control in the Gulf Energy Order

 This journal article analyzes the Strait of Hormuz as both an energy chokepoint and a strategic settlement node. It argues that the petrodollar system is not collapsing immediately, but is being partially de-universalized through chokepoint power, access-based settlement control, and fragmentation in the Gulf energy order. The article introduces Chokepoint-Driven Settlement Shift (CDSS) as a framework for understanding how control over critical maritime nodes can condition payment practices without creating a full alternative monetary order.